Luke 15:1-3; 11b-32
1All the tax collectors and sinners were gathering around Jesus to listen to him. 2 The Pharisees and legal experts were grumbling, saying, “This man welcomes sinners and eats with them.”3 Jesus told them this parable:
“A certain man had two sons. 12 The younger son said to his father, ‘Father, give me my share of the inheritance.’ Then the father divided his estate between them. 13 Soon afterward, the younger son gathered everything together and took a trip to a land far away. There, he wasted his wealth through extravagant living.
14 “When he had used up his resources, a severe food shortage arose in that country and he began to be in need. 15 He hired himself out to one of the citizens of that country, who sent him into his fields to feed pigs. 16 He longed to eat his fill from what the pigs ate, but no one gave him anything. 17 When he came to his senses, he said, ‘How many of my father’s hired hands have more than enough food, but I’m starving to death! 18 I will get up and go to my father, and say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you. 19 I no longer deserve to be called your son. Take me on as one of your hired hands.” ’ 20 So he got up and went to his father.
“While he was still a long way off, his father saw him and was moved with compassion. His father ran to him, hugged him, and kissed him. 21 Then his son said, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you. I no longer deserve to be called your son.’ 22 But the father said to his servants, ‘Quickly, bring out the best robe and put it on him! Put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet! 23 Fetch the fattened calf and slaughter it. We must celebrate with feasting 24 because this son of mine was dead and has come back to life! He was lost and is found!’ And they began to celebrate.
25 “Now his older son was in the field. Coming in from the field, he approached the house and heard music and dancing. 26 He called one of the servants and asked what was going on. 27 The servant replied, ‘Your brother has arrived, and your father has slaughtered the fattened calf because he received his son back safe and sound.’ 28 Then the older son was furious and didn’t want to enter in, but his father came out and begged him. 29 He answered his father, ‘Look, I’ve served you all these years, and I never disobeyed your instruction. Yet you’ve never given me as much as a young goat so I could celebrate with my friends. 30 But when this son of yours returned, after gobbling up your estate on prostitutes, you slaughtered the fattened calf for him.’ 31 Then his father said, ‘Son, you are always with me, and everything I have is yours. 32 But we had to celebrate and be glad because this brother of yours was dead and is alive. He was lost and is found.’”
Philippians 4:6-7
Don’t be anxious about anything; rather, bring up all of your requests to God in your prayers and petitions, along with giving thanks. 7 Then the peace of God that exceeds all understanding will keep your hearts and minds safe in Christ Jesus.
Whom do you identify with in the parable of the prodigal son?
Who sees themselves in the character of the older son?
Who relates to the prodigal son?
Who relates to the parent?
I have a theory… that whether or not you like the parable depends on which character you identify with.
When I was a teenager, I identified with the prodigal son. I moved out of my parents house when I was 14 years old, because my father’s second wife thought I was the worst child ever. I basically took my inheritance and moved in with my Great Aunt Alice. Fortunately, Alice loved me. She would say to me, “as good kids go, you go.” So I did not have to “waste my inheritance in extravagant living,” although my stepmother was convinced that the ordinary expenses of cute clothes and extra-curricular fees spent on me were an utter waste! I related to the prodigal son because I had left home in search of a better life and found acceptance with Alice and with God, so I liked the parable.
When I was a college student, I identified with the older son, so I did not like the parable! One of my professors assigned us a monstrous research project. I and nearly every other student in the class labored long hours in the library, writing, researching and rewriting all term long only to receive C’s and D’s. Only one student got an A on her project. That one student went to the Professor’s office every week and asked for help on her project because she was a single mom surviving on public assistance and couldn’t afford to get a low grade or she might lose her scholarship, so the professor helped her. I got a C+ which was one of the higher grades for those of us who did the work on our own! I was so mad! I felt like she had cheated and the Professor had helped her cheat while the rest of us worked our tails off! I related to the older son a lot.
As a mother and a Pastor, I sometimes relate to the Father. I work long hours and I wonder if my family resent all the evenings and weekends that I have spent planning holidays for the church when I couldn’t even find the time or energy to get a Christmas tree for my own house last year? I think of all the recitals I have missed because the church had an event that night and all of the spring breaks that were also Holy Week. So instead of going on a spring vacation with my family, I was at the church all week, while my husband used vacation time to watch our kids. I wondered if my family felt like they were the neglected older son, who didn’t get my attention even though they are wonderful.
Jesus liked to use ordinary, familiar things as metaphors for spiritual concepts. Things like chickens, figs, and family relationships, that the people in the first century would have been very familiar with. But for us 21st century city dwellers, Jesus’ metaphors may seem strange and unrelated. Then there’s the first century socio-political context that Jesus didn’t explain because everybody knew what was going on at the time, just like we can’t escape the news today. So it takes a little research to fully understand scripture.
You’re going to want the scripture handy, so please take out your bulletin.
Most of us have families, so this is one of the more understandable parables in terms of the metaphor, so let’s take some time to unpack the socio-political context.
There’s a lot of context in verses 1 and 2.
Objectively speaking, tax collecting for the Romans was a good job. Tax collectors were each assigned an amount that they needed to collect from their area and given the protection and support of locally stationed soldiers. Tax collectors weren’t paid a wage, instead they kind of worked on commission. Whatever they collected beyond their assigned amount was theirs to keep. And this was a job that anybody could get – you didn’t need to be born into the right family or be a Roman. Ordinary Judeans could go from poverty to comfort practically overnight by getting a job as a tax collector for Rome.
On the other hand, Rome had conquered Judea kind of like Germany conquered France in World War II, so tax collectors were viewed as collaborators — people who betrayed their country and their family for the sake of money and safety.
So the Pharisees, who, like Jesus were called Rabbi – which means teacher. Who also spent their time teaching people about God were were disgusted that Jesus was willing to spend time with collaborators. They were disgusted that Jesus was willing to eat at the homes of Tax Collectors, because how can the food bought with wealth extracted from the poor of Judea at sword-point be kosher?
To put this into WWII terms, the Pharisees were basically accusing Jesus of hanging out with Nazi collaborators.
So then Jesus launches into a series of parables.
You’ll notice that we skip from verse 3 to verse 11 in today’s reading.
The two parables before the prodigal son are:
— the parable of the lost sheep – where a shepherd has 100 sheep and 1 goes missing so the shepherd leaves the 99 sheep to go looking for the 1 missing sheep and rejoices when he finds the one sheep.
–then the parable of the lost coin, where a poor woman cleans her whole house looking for one lost coin, and is so happy when she finds it that she invites her neighbors over to celebrate, which surely cost her more money than if she had only forgotten about the one lost coin.
–then we get to today’s story of the prodigal son.
Notice that they are all stories of wastefully and joyfully celebrating the return of what has been lost.
It seems obvious to cast the Pharisees in the role of the dutiful older son. Here they were, trying to do everything right, and Jesus, representing God the Father, was partying with tax collectors and sinners!
I wonder if the Pharisees were thinking, “Sure, Jesus inspired Zaccheus the Tax Collector to pay back the people he had defrauded and many other sinners had changed their lives because of Jesus, but still! We have been faithful all along! If Jesus really represents God, then wouldn’t God celebrate our faithfulness instead of celebrating the unfaithful?”
I think the Pharisees were mad at Jesus accepting these Tax Collectors, whose hearts and lives had been changed, because they felt like their hearts and lives didn’t need changing. But obviously their hearts and minds did need to change because they had forgotten that God is a merciful God.
My classmates and I were also stuck in the thinking of the Pharisees. We were all so mad at our Professor! Some of my classmates who were working nights in food service and up to their necks in debt with student loans were also muttering about her getting free tuition and not having to work because she was on public assistance. Why did she get all that help and then get an A for work she had help with, when we had worked so hard without any help?
Our Professor heard our muttering and said, “All of you should have done what she did. I published my office hours and encouraged you to ask for help many times. And if my office hours didn’t fit your schedule, I would have happily scheduled a time that worked for you.” The Professor continued, “I would have been happy to help groups of you work together! You’re studying to be social workers, to help people! Isn’t believing in helping one another the whole reason you’re in this class?”
Isn’t helping one another the whole reason we are people of faith?
Look at verse 28. Look at the assumptions the older son makes in verse 29 and 30.
This is a pretty gentle translation of this verse. A more accurate translation would be, “Look, I have labored like a slave for all these years, and yet you’ve never even let me have my friends over for chips and salsa! And now you’re throwing a steak dinner for the whole neighborhood for Your Other Son who spent all your money on prostitutes???!!!!”
Look at these assumptions:
- First the older son has been assuming all this time that he couldn’t even have his friends over for a party. Like his Dad was too cheap to spring for Queso!
- Second, the older son assumes that the prodigal son has been spending his money on prostitutes — it’s kind of like that’s the worst accusation he could think of. Because, if you look back at verse 13, all it says is that the prodigal son was living extravagantly. It does not say that the second son was living sinfully. And when the second son runs out of money, he gets a job. And he is willing to take the worst job ever! He’s working for a non-Jew, because who else would raise pigs! And is eating slop, because he doesn’t get paid enough to live! This sounds a lot like working for the Romans to me. Since Tax Collectors didn’t get paid other than collecting extra taxes from what they gave to those “Roman Pigs.”
But it’s the Father’s response in verse 31 that I really think needs to be unpacked.
I hear echoes of my Professor in the Father’s response in verse 31, when the Father says, “everything I have is yours.”
Because it’s like the Father is saying, but you could have thrown a party every weekend if you wanted to!
The older son didn’t even need to ask his Dad to buy chips, his name was on all the bank accounts and he had his own Debit Card!
He could have been enjoying a fully loaded nacho bar every dang night!
The only person who thought that the older son didn’t matter, was the older son.
Friends, I want you to hear that you matter.
No matter where you find yourself in the story of life…
God is inviting you to the party.
All you tired, all you rested,
all you underpaid, all you with cushion in your bank accounts,
all you heavy with burden, all you full of ease—come to the party
For together, we are the story of God’s Interconnected Love.